What key document in the US was inspired by Enlightenment principles?

The Bill of Rights is the key document inspired by Enlightenment principles because it reflects the values of individual liberty and the protection of personal rights, which were central themes in Enlightenment thought. Enlightenment philosophers like John Locke advocated for the inherent rights of individuals, such as life, liberty, and property, which significantly influenced the framers of the Constitution. The Bill of Rights, comprising the first ten amendments to the Constitution, serves to safeguard these rights against government infringement, emphasizing the belief that a government should protect the rights of its citizens.

This commitment to individual rights and the social contract theory derived from Enlightenment ideas showcases the direct impact of Enlightenment philosophy on the foundational principles of American democracy. Other documents listed, while important in American history, do not specifically encapsulate these Enlightenment-inspired principles regarding the protection and enumeration of individual rights.