Which characteristic defines an absolute monarchy?

An absolute monarchy is characterized by the monarch holding supreme power over the state. In this system, the king or queen has complete control over the government, including the ability to create and enforce laws without requiring consent from a legislative body or other authorities. This centralization of power allows the monarch to govern without the limitations typically found in constitutional monarchies or democratic systems where power is shared with elected representatives or legislatures.

The other options describe characteristics of different forms of governance. In an absolute monarchy, there is no shared authority or requirement for parliamentary approval, distinguishing it from systems where the monarch's powers are curtailed or subject to legal constraints.