Which country is an example of a constitutional monarchy?

A constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as the head of state within the parameters of a constitution, whether it be written or unwritten, that outlines the powers of the government and guarantees certain rights to the citizens. In countries like England, the monarchy exists alongside an established parliamentary system, where the monarch's powers are largely ceremonial and political decisions are made by elected representatives. This arrangement exemplifies a balance of royal authority and democratic governance, where the rule of law governs the actions of both the monarchy and the government.

Spain also functions as a constitutional monarchy, featuring a monarch who has limited powers defined by the constitution; however, the most commonly recognized example in discussions of constitutional monarchies typically revolves around England, especially given its historical significance and the prominence of the British monarchy in global history and politics.

In contrast, Russia and France illustrate different forms of governance. Russia has undergone numerous changes throughout its history, including periods of autocracy, leading to its current federal semi-presidential government. France experienced shifts from monarchy to republican forms and does not currently have a monarchy, making it an inappropriate choice to illustrate a constitutional monarchy.