Which estate in France bore the majority of the tax burden?

The Third Estate bore the majority of the tax burden in France, primarily because it comprised the vast majority of the population, including peasants, urban workers, and the bourgeoisie (middle class). This estate was responsible for paying taxes on various goods, land, and income, while the First Estate (clergy) and the Second Estate (nobility) were largely exempt from many taxes.

The inequity in the tax system created significant resentment among the members of the Third Estate, as they were expected to support the state financially despite their limited political power and privileges compared to the other two estates. This situation contributed to growing discontent, which ultimately played a role in the outbreak of the French Revolution. Thus, the Third Estate's heavy tax burden highlights the socio-economic disparities present in pre-revolutionary France, making this answer the most accurate.